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Digital Negative
Digital Negative (DNG) is an open lossless raw image format written and patented by Adobe used for digital photography. It was launched on September 27, 2004. The launch was accompanied by the first version of the DNG specification,〔.〕 plus various products, including a free-of-charge DNG converter utility. All Adobe photo manipulation software (such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom) released since the launch supports DNG.〔.〕
DNG is based on the TIFF/EP standard format, and mandates significant use of metadata. Use of the file format is royalty-free; Adobe has published a license allowing anyone to exploit DNG,〔.〕 and has also stated that there are no known intellectual property encumbrances or license requirements for DNG.〔.〕 Adobe stated that if there was a consensus that DNG should be controlled by a standards body, they were open to the idea.〔.〕 Adobe has submitted DNG to ISO for incorporation into their revision of TIFF/EP.〔.〕
==Rationale for DNG==
Given the existence of other raw image formats, Adobe's creation of DNG as a competing format implies that DNG is unusual and satisfies objectives that other raw image formats do not. These objectives and the associated characteristics of DNG, as well as assessments of whether these objectives are met, are described below. Increasingly, professional archivists and conservationists, working for respectable organizations, variously suggest or recommend DNG for archival purposes.〔universal photographic digital imaging guidelines (UPDIG): (File formats - the raw file issue )〕〔Archaeology Data Service / Digital Antiquity: (Guides to Good Practice - Section 3 Archiving Raster Images - File Formats )〕〔University of Connecticut: ("Raw as Archival Still Image Format: A Consideration" by Michael J. Bennett and F. Barry Wheeler )〕〔Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research: (Obsolescence - File Formats and Software )〕〔JISC Digital Media - Still Images: (Choosing a File Format for Digital Still Images - File formats for master archive )〕〔International Digital Enterprise Alliance, Digital Image Submission Criteria (DISC) (Guidelines & Specifications 2007 (PDF) )〕〔The J. Paul Getty Museum - Department of Photographs: (Rapid Capture Backlog Project - Presentation )〕〔American Institute for Conservation - Electronic Media Group: (Digital Image File Formats )〕〔Archives Association of British Columbia: (Born Digital Photographs: Acquisition and Preservation Strategies (Rosaleen Hill) )〕
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